IELTS Reading — Traps & Fixes (Bilingual)
常見陷阱與破解 — 雙語版
A. Quick facts & global strategy traps / A. 重點概述與整體策略陷阱
· 60 minutes, 3 sections, ~40 questions; NO extra transfer time — answers go directly on the sheet/computer.
· 60 分鐘，3 篇文章、約 40 題；沒有額外轉抄時間——直接填寫答案。
· Academic vs General: same skills; GT has simpler texts but similar traps; scoring tables differ slightly.
· 學術組與一般訓練組：技能相同；一般訓練的文本較生活化但陷阱相似；換算分數略有差異。
· Trap: reading everything slowly. Fix: preview headings, first/last sentences, and map each paragraph’s function first.
· 陷阱：逐字慢讀。解法：先預覽標題與各段首尾句，建立段落功能地圖。
· Trap: hunting exact keywords only. Fix: track paraphrases (cause→reason, benefit→advantage, high→elevated).
· 陷阱：只找原字。解法：追蹤同義改寫（如 cause→reason、benefit→advantage、high→elevated）。
· Trap: equal time for all questions. Fix: split roughly 18–20–22 mins (Sections 1→3) and move on when stuck.
· 陷阱：每題花費時間相同。解法：時間配比約 18–20–22 分鐘（第 1→3 篇），卡題立即先跳過。
B. TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN vs YES/NO/NOT GIVEN / B. 是/非/未提 與 同意/不同意/未提 的陷阱
· TFNG asks about FACTS in the passage; Y/NNG asks about the WRITER’S VIEWS/CLAIMS.
· TFNG 檢驗文章中的『事實』；Y/NNG 檢驗『作者觀點／主張』。
· Trap: treating NOT GIVEN as FALSE. Fix: NOT GIVEN = the passage does not say enough to decide.
· 陷阱：把 NOT GIVEN 當成 FALSE。解法：NOT GIVEN＝文本沒有足夠資訊判斷。
· Trap: partial match. Fix: all parts of the statement must match; one mismatched detail → FALSE/NO.
· 陷阱：只對到部分內容。解法：敘述需全然吻合；有一處相反或不符 → FALSE/NO。
· Trap: outside knowledge. Fix: judge ONLY by the passage, not what you know.
· 陷阱：用外部知識作答。解法：只依文本，不靠既有常識。
Example 例：Statement: 'All species migrate annually.' Passage: 'Some species migrate in certain years.' → FALSE/NO. / 敘述：「所有物種每年遷徙。」 文章：「部分物種在某些年份才遷徙。」→ FALSE/NO。
C. Matching Headings (paragraphs → headings) / C. 段落標題配對
· Trap: matching to a detail. Fix: choose heading for the paragraph’s MAIN IDEA (often 1–2 sentences).
· 陷阱：用細節來配對。解法：標題要對應段落『主旨』（通常 1–2 句即可概括）。
· Trap: ignoring contrast/shift words (however, although, meanwhile). Fix: these often signal the real focus.
· 陷阱：忽略轉折詞（however, although, meanwhile）。解法：轉折常提示真正焦點。
· Method: read first/last sentence + scan middle for repeated key nouns/verbs; then eliminate close distractors.
· 方法：讀首尾句＋掃中段重複的關鍵名詞/動詞，最後刪去相近干擾選項。
D. Multiple Choice & Matching Information/Features / D. 選擇題與訊息／特色配對
· Trap: keyword echo. Fix: pick meaning, not word repetition; correct option paraphrases the text.
· 陷阱：關鍵字回聲。解法：選『意思』而非原字；正確選項多為同義改寫。
· Trap: two half-true options. Fix: only one fully matches scope and logic; check quantifiers (some/most/all).
· 陷阱：兩個半對選項。解法：只有一個完全吻合範圍與邏輯；留意數量詞（some/most/all）。
· Trap: mis-tagging which paragraph/speaker. Fix: underline names/paragraph letters and tick when used.
· 陷阱：段落或人物配錯。解法：畫線標示段落代號或人名，用到就打勾避免重複。
E. Completion tasks (summary/table/flowchart/note/sentence) / E. 填空題（摘要／表格／流程／筆記／句子）
· Trap: breaking word limits. Fix: watch 'NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS/AND/OR A NUMBER'; hyphenated counts as one.
· 陷阱：超出字數限制。解法：注意『不超過兩字／且或含數字』；含連字號的詞通常算一字。
· Trap: grammar mismatch. Fix: predict the part of speech (noun/adj/verb) so the sentence reads correctly.
· 陷阱：文法不合。解法：預判詞性（名／形／動），確保句子通順。
· Trap: copying from wrong sentence around the gap. Fix: read 1–2 lines before/after to confirm meaning.
· 陷阱：只看空格附近一句。解法：至少前後各讀 1–2 行以確認語義。
F. Locating information (Which paragraph contains…) / F. 定位資訊（哪一段包含…）
· Trap: scanning in order. Fix: the target paragraph may be anywhere; scan for unique names/dates/technical terms.
· 陷阱：順序掃描。解法：答案可能在任何段；先找罕見字如人名、年份、術語。
· Trap: mixing similar paragraphs. Fix: build a quick 'paragraph map' with 2–3 keywords per paragraph.
· 陷阱：相似段落混淆。解法：先做『段落地圖』：每段寫 2–3 個關鍵詞。
G. Diagram labeling & classification / G. 圖示標註與分類
· Trap: assuming prior knowledge. Fix: rely on the passage’s own definitions and labels.
· 陷阱：靠先備知識。解法：依文章內的定義與標籤作答。
· Trap: label variants (British/US spelling, singular/plural). Fix: copy EXACTLY what the passage uses.
· 陷阱：標示變體（英美拼字、單複數）。解法：完全照文中用字填寫。
H. Time management, guessing, and review / H. 時間分配、猜題與檢查
· Trap: spending 10+ mins on one killer question. Fix: mark and move; return at the end if time remains.
· 陷阱：在難題卡 10 分鐘。解法：標記後先跳過；最後若有時間再回來。
· Guessing: no penalty. Fix: always attempt every question; use elimination and logic.
· 猜題：無倒扣。解法：所有題目都要作答；用刪去與邏輯推理。
· Final 3–5 mins: check word limits, spelling, plural/singular, and that answers align to the correct numbers.
· 最後 3–5 分鐘：核對字數限制、拼字、單複數，以及題號對位是否正確。
I. If you see X, do Y / I. 見招拆招：看到這些，立刻這樣做
· NOT/EXCEPT/least likely: underline and invert your search target
· NOT/EXCEPT/least likely：畫線並改為尋找『不符合/例外』
· according to the writer: look for stance verbs/adverbs (argues, suggests, is skeptical)
· according to the writer：尋找立場動詞/副詞（argues/suggests/質疑）
· most/primarily/mainly: expect summary statements rather than examples
· most/primarily/mainly：優先找總結語句，而非例子
· dates/numbers/names: scan first; then read the sentence fully for meaning
· dates/numbers/names：先掃描定位，再完整讀句子
· compared with/whereas/however: contrast or exception often holds the answer
· compared with/whereas/however：對比或例外處常藏答案
