01>> There is a school of thought. meaning: There is a particular way of thinking about something. example: \1. There is a school of thought that believes artificial intelligence could surpass human intelligence within the next few decades. \2. There is a school of thought that suggests prioritizing mental health education in schools could prevent future social and emotional issues.
02>> It has long been a common issue. meaning: This has been a problem for a long time. example: \1. Poverty has long been a common issue in many parts of the world, despite efforts to reduce it through various initiatives. \2. Corruption has long been a common issue in political systems, undermining trust and the rule of law in affected countries.
03>> Many people are of the opinion that meaning: A lot of individuals believe this. example: \1. Many people are of the opinion that stricter environmental laws are necessary to combat global warming and reduce air pollution. \2. Many people are of the opinion that governments should invest more in renewable energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
04>> There are both benefits and drawbacks. meaning: There are advantages as well as disadvantages. example: \1. Online learning provides both benefits and drawbacks, influencing the way education is delivered to students worldwide. \2. Telecommuting offers both benefits and drawbacks for companies and employees regarding productivity and work-life balance.
05>> Over the last 20 years. meaning: In the past two decades. example: \1. Over the last 20 years, there has been significant growth in technology development and digital communication tools. \2. Education systems around the world have undergone major changes over the last 20 years, incorporating digital learning.
06>> An overwhelming number of people. meaning: A large majority of people. example: \1. An overwhelming number of people prefer online shopping for its convenience and wide variety of products. \2. An overwhelming number of people are now adopting healthier lifestyles through regular exercise and balanced diets.
07>> From a global perspective. meaning: Considering the issue from a worldwide view. example: \1. From a global perspective, the rise of the internet has created opportunities for businesses to reach international markets. \2. From a global perspective, issues like poverty and hunger continue to be major concerns that require immediate attention.
08>> It is becoming more evident that meaning: It is clearer or more apparent now that. example: \1. It is becoming more evident that sustainable practices are essential for the long-term survival of businesses. \2. It is becoming more evident that climate change is directly linked to human activities like deforestation and pollution.
09>> X is becoming more widespread. meaning: Something is becoming more common. example: \1. Telecommuting is becoming more widespread as businesses adapt to the benefits of flexible remote work arrangements. \2. Solar energy is becoming more widespread as technology improves and the demand for renewable energy continues to rise.
10>> A progressive trend toward meaning: A developing movement in a certain direction. example: \1. Society is showing a progressive trend toward embracing plant-based diets for health and environmental reasons. \2. The education system is experiencing a progressive trend toward more interactive and student-centered learning methods.
11>> It has its own merits and drawbacks. meaning: It has both positive and negative aspects. example: \1. Online learning has its own merits and drawbacks, affecting students' access to education and their learning experience. \2. The use of social media has its own merits and drawbacks, influencing how people communicate and share information.
12>> It is relatively a new phenomenon. meaning: It is a recent development or occurrence. example: \1. It is relatively a new phenomenon that virtual reality technology is being integrated into educational curricula on a large scale. \2. It is relatively a new phenomenon that people rely more on social media for news updates than on traditional news sources.
13>> Despite its safety and efficacy, meaning: Even though it is proven to be safe and effective. example: \1. Despite its safety and efficacy, the medication has faced scrutiny due to potential side effects in rare cases. \2. Electric vehicles, despite their safety and efficacy, have faced challenges related to charging infrastructure and costs.
14>> A number of studies have investigated meaning: Many research works have looked into this topic. example: \1. A number of studies have investigated the potential health benefits of a plant-based diet in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. \2. A number of studies have investigated the relationship between sleep patterns and cognitive performance in young adults.
15>> Urgent and immediate attention is needed. meaning: This issue requires fast action. example: \1. Access to clean water in developing countries requires urgent and immediate attention to prevent the spread of diseases. \2. The mental health crisis among teenagers needs urgent and immediate attention from health professionals and policymakers.
16>> I give my opinion to the former. meaning: I support the first of the options mentioned. example: \1. Between urbanization and rural development, I give my opinion to the former, as cities offer more economic opportunities. \2. When considering individual work and team collaboration, I give my opinion to the former, as it allows for greater personal accountability.
17>> Both factors should be considered. meaning: Two elements need to be taken into account. example: \1. Both factors should be considered in determining job satisfaction: the work environment and the compensation package. \2. Both factors should be considered when planning urban development: environmental sustainability and economic growth.
18>> It is quite unpredictable that meaning: The situation is very uncertain. example: \1. It is quite unpredictable that stock market trends will remain stable given the current global economic conditions. \2. It is quite unpredictable that artificial intelligence will evolve to the point of fully replacing human decision-making.
19>> Over the last few centuries. meaning: During the past several hundred years. example: \1. Over the last few centuries, scientific advancements have drastically changed the way humans interact with their environment. \2. Over the last few centuries, architectural styles have evolved significantly, reflecting cultural shifts and technological innovations.
20>> It is a well-established fact that meaning: It is widely known and accepted that. example: \1. It is a well-established fact that regular exercise improves mental health and contributes to overall physical well-being. \2. It is a well-established fact that climate change has had a significant impact on global weather patterns and ecosystems.
21>> It can be concluded that meaning: We can determine or deduce that. example: \1. It can be concluded that renewable energy is essential for addressing the global energy crisis and achieving sustainability. \2. It can be concluded that online education will continue to grow in popularity given its flexibility and accessibility.
22>> To come up with the right decision. meaning: To make the best choice. example: \1. To come up with the right decision, organizations should prioritize employee well-being and long-term company objectives. \2. To come up with the right decision, leaders must consider both the short-term benefits and the long-term consequences of their actions.
23>> The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. meaning: The benefits are much greater than the drawbacks. example: \1. The advantages of online education far outweigh the disadvantages, providing accessibility and flexibility to students worldwide. \2. The advantages of universal health care far outweigh the disadvantages, ensuring that everyone has access to necessary medical services.
24>> It can result in a serious problem. meaning: It may lead to a major issue. example: \1. If water contamination continues at this rate, it can result in a serious problem for local communities and wildlife. \2. Ignoring early signs of economic instability can result in a serious problem that affects national growth and job security.
25>> It is important to point out that meaning: It is necessary to mention or highlight that. example: \1. It is important to point out that economic growth alone does not always translate into improved quality of life for all citizens. \2. It is important to point out that not all individuals respond to treatment the same way due to genetic and environmental differences.
26>> Take many things into consideration. meaning: To think about many factors before making a decision. example: \1. We need to take many things into consideration before deciding on a long-term investment strategy for the company. \2. Take many things into consideration, such as climate, budget, and community support, when launching a new agricultural project.
27>> Essential natural resources. meaning: Basic materials from nature that are necessary. example: \1. Water and fertile land are essential natural resources that communities rely on for agriculture, daily living, and overall survival. \2. Access to essential natural resources like clean air and water is vital for maintaining public health and ensuring sustainable development.
28>> X is an issue of trial and error. meaning: Testing different solutions to find the best one. example: \1. Overcoming poverty in developing nations is an issue of trial and error, requiring innovative policies and consistent evaluation. \2. Addressing global education disparities is an issue of trial and error, involving the testing of various teaching methods and curricula.
29>> We still have a long way to go. meaning: There is still much to be done before reaching a goal. example: \1. We still have a long way to go in achieving racial equality, as systemic issues continue to hinder true societal integration. \2. In combating climate change, we still have a long way to go to reduce global emissions and halt environmental degradation.
30>> We should put more emphasis on it. meaning: We need to prioritize or focus more on it. example: \1. In addressing climate change, we should put more emphasis on sustainable energy solutions to ensure a future for generations to come. \2. When developing new technologies, we should put more emphasis on user privacy and data security.
31>> X has a powerful influence on Y. meaning: X significantly affects or shapes Y. example: \1. Social media has a powerful influence on public opinion, shaping perceptions about various issues and events. \2. Cultural values have a powerful influence on individual behavior, impacting how people interact within their communities.
32>> There are manifold reasons. meaning: There are many different reasons. example: \1. There are manifold reasons for the decline in bee populations, including habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change. \2. There are manifold reasons why people choose to volunteer, ranging from personal fulfillment to community service.
33>> Research has generally suggested meaning: Studies typically indicate or show a particular result. example: \1. Research has generally suggested that a balanced diet is crucial for maintaining long-term health and well-being. \2. Research has generally suggested that working long hours can lead to burnout and decreased productivity.
34>> There is a growing concern over this. meaning: More people are becoming worried about this issue. example: \1. There is a growing concern over the issue of plastic waste polluting the oceans and harming marine life. \2. The increased use of social media among teenagers has led to a growing concern over its effects on their mental health.
35>> Points are often overlooked. meaning: Aspects that are frequently ignored or not considered. example: \1. In discussions about education, there are points often overlooked, including the impact of mental health on student performance. \2. In workplace diversity discussions, points are often overlooked, such as the importance of inclusivity for all marginalized groups.
36>> To put it another way, meaning: To express it differently. example: \1. The data shows a decline in sales. To put it another way, our marketing strategy needs to be re-evaluated urgently. \2. The solution is costly. To put it another way, we should explore more affordable alternatives to achieve our goals.
37>> It is quite common these days. meaning: It frequently happens or is seen in the current time. example: \1. It is quite common these days for schools to incorporate technology into their curricula to enhance student learning experiences. \2. It is quite common these days for consumers to seek out sustainable products as environmental awareness continues to grow.
38>> There is a combination of many factors. meaning: Many different causes contribute to this. example: \1. There is a combination of many factors leading to the rise in global temperatures, including deforestation and pollution. \2. There is a combination of many factors that affect academic success, such as motivation, environment, and support.
39>> Another alternative way to combat the issue meaning: Another option to address the problem. example: \1. Another alternative way to combat the issue of unemployment is by providing vocational training programs. \2. Another alternative way to combat the issue of plastic waste is by promoting reusable and biodegradable materials.
40>> Make joint efforts to tackle the problem. meaning: Work together to solve the issue. example: \1. Governments and businesses must make joint efforts to tackle the problem of climate change and its devastating global impacts. \2. Scientists and policymakers should make joint efforts to tackle the problem of antibiotic resistance before it becomes uncontrollable.
41>> In the same fashion, meaning: In a similar way or manner. example: \1. In the same fashion, businesses should prioritize employee well-being just as they focus on improving customer satisfaction. \2. In the same fashion, schools must adapt their teaching methods to better engage students in a rapidly changing technological world.
42>> In like manner. meaning: Similarly, in the same way. example: \1. In like manner, cities around the world are adopting green infrastructure to mitigate the effects of climate change. \2. In like manner, companies are rethinking their supply chains to reduce waste and increase efficiency in production.
43>> As a matter of fact, meaning: Actually; indeed — used to emphasize a statement. example: \1. As a matter of fact, solar energy is one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources, with increasing adoption worldwide. \2. As a matter of fact, data from recent surveys indicate that more people are concerned about climate change than ever before.
44>> The latest development of technology meaning: The most recent advancement in technology. example: \1. The latest development of technology in healthcare involves wearable devices that monitor patient health in real time. \2. Autonomous vehicles represent the latest development of technology, aiming to revolutionize the transportation industry.
45>> The situation can be exacerbated by meaning: Something can make the situation worse. example: \1. The problem of air pollution can be exacerbated by industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust in urban areas. \2. The impact of a pandemic can be exacerbated by slow responses and a lack of coordination among authorities.
46>> It has been a long-standing problem. meaning: The issue has existed for a long time. example: \1. Corruption remains a long-standing problem that undermines governance and economic development in various regions. \2. It has been a long-standing problem for students to balance academic commitments with part-time jobs, causing high stress levels.
47>> It is a challenging question. meaning: This question is difficult to answer. example: \1. It is a challenging question that requires careful consideration of multiple perspectives before reaching a conclusion. \2. It is a challenging question mainly because there are conflicting opinions and limited data from which to draw a definitive answer.
48>> X is a topic of broad interest. meaning: X is something that many people care about. example: \1. Climate change is a topic of broad interest, engaging scientists, policymakers, and the general public across the globe. \2. Artificial intelligence is a topic of broad interest due to its potential to revolutionize various aspects of society and industry.
49>> Nobody knows why. meaning: No one understands the reason behind this. example: \1. Nobody knows why the system crashed unexpectedly, despite running smoothly for several weeks without any issues. \2. Nobody knows why certain diseases emerge while others seem to remain dormant for centuries without affecting the population.
50>> Many people believe that meaning: A lot of individuals think or hold the opinion that. example: \1. Many people believe that technological advances are essential for improving the quality of life and economic growth. \2. Many people believe that a healthy work-life balance is crucial for maintaining mental well-being and productivity.
51>> Several measures should be taken. meaning: Various actions should be implemented. example: \1. Several measures should be taken to improve road safety, including stricter speed limits and better driver education programs. \2. Several measures should be taken to combat climate change, from reducing emissions to protecting vulnerable ecosystems.
52>> Apart from the positive aspects, meaning: Except for the good parts. example: \1. Apart from the positive aspects, social media can contribute to misinformation and unhealthy comparisons among users. \2. Apart from the positive aspects, urbanization brings challenges like overcrowding, pollution, and strain on public infrastructure.
53>> It can cause many unforeseen problems. meaning: It may lead to unexpected issues. example: \1. Ignoring building maintenance can cause many unforeseen problems, such as leaks and structural damage. \2. Changing regulations without thorough analysis can cause many unforeseen problems for businesses and consumers alike.
54>> On a regular basis, meaning: Frequently or consistently. example: \1. On a regular basis, the organization conducts audits to ensure that all operations comply with international standards. \2. On a regular basis, experts recommend updating software to protect devices from potential security vulnerabilities.
55>> Numerous studies have shown meaning: Many research projects have demonstrated a specific finding. example: \1. Numerous studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly improve physical and mental health over time. \2. Numerous studies have shown the benefits of early childhood education in shaping a child's future academic success.
56>> It varies from country to country. meaning: It differs depending on the nation. example: \1. Health care costs vary from country to country, with some providing universal coverage and others relying on private insurance. \2. Policies on environmental protection differ from country to country, depending on local resources and government priorities.
57>> No significant difference was found. meaning: There was no noticeable variation. example: \1. After testing, no significant difference was observed between the effects of the two types of fertilizers. \2. Research indicated no significant difference in patient recovery rates when comparing the two treatment methods.
58>> There is a similarity between X and Y. meaning: X and Y are comparable in some way. example: \1. There is a striking similarity between urban population growth and the rise in environmental challenges in major cities worldwide. \2. There is a similarity between renewable energy adoption and advancements in technology, with both driving sustainability forward.
59>> To be more specific, meaning: To clarify or provide additional details. example: \1. To be more specific, the study found that students who used digital tools performed better than those who did not. \2. To be more specific, the proposed changes would impact small businesses by increasing their operating costs.
60>> It is a clear indication that meaning: This strongly suggests that something is true. example: \1. The recent increase in temperatures is a clear indication that climate change is becoming more severe and widespread. \2. The rise in unemployment rates is a clear indication that the economy is facing significant challenges and requires intervention.
61>> There is a contradiction between X and Y. meaning: X and Y are saying opposite things. example: \1. There is a contradiction between the benefits promoted by the product and the side effects reported by its users. \2. There is a contradiction between the government's environmental policy and its continued support for non-renewable energy projects.
62>> There are several possible explanations. meaning: Many reasons could explain this situation. example: \1. There are several possible explanations for the decline in public trust in governmental institutions across various countries. \2. There are several possible explanations for the increasing demand for electric vehicles in urban centers around the world.
63>> There are two important reasons why. meaning: Two main causes or reasons explain this. example: \1. There are two important reasons why online education is becoming popular: accessibility and flexibility for students. \2. There are two important reasons why renewable energy sources are gaining global prominence: sustainability and cost efficiency.
64>> In the last century. meaning: During the past 100 years. example: \1. In the last century, human civilization has experienced rapid industrialization, urbanization, and globalization. \2. In the last century, significant strides have been taken toward achieving equality and human rights for all individuals.
65>> Which in turn leads to meaning: This causes something else to happen as a result. example: \1. Better educational programs promote higher literacy rates, which in turn leads to greater economic growth and stability. \2. Improved transportation infrastructure facilitates trade, which in turn leads to more job opportunities for local communities.
66>> At the turn of the century meaning: During a significant historical transition period. example: \1. At the turn of the century, new political ideologies emerged, leading to shifts in governance structures across many nations. \2. At the turn of the century, there was a surge in industrialization, which changed the way goods were manufactured and distributed.
67>> It is apparent that meaning: It is clear or obvious that something is true. example: \1. It is apparent that the rise of social media has changed the way people communicate and interact with each other. \2. It is apparent that technological innovations are driving the modern economy toward rapid growth and development.
68>> From an economic perspective, meaning: Considering a situation based on economic factors. example: \1. From an economic perspective, investing in renewable energy can lead to long-term cost savings and job creation. \2. From an economic perspective, government subsidies can stimulate growth in emerging industries such as electric vehicles.
69>> Throughout history, meaning: During all periods of history. example: \1. Throughout history, political conflicts have often been triggered by struggles over resources and territorial boundaries. \2. Throughout history, scientific discoveries have consistently led to technological advancements that reshape societies.
70>> There was widespread agreement. meaning: Many people agreed on this. example: \1. There was widespread agreement that healthcare workers deserve more recognition for their efforts during the pandemic. \2. There was widespread agreement among experts that the economy needed stronger regulation to prevent future crises.
71>> The idea of X is strongly supported by meaning: There is solid evidence for the concept of X. example: \1. The idea of renewable energy is strongly supported by recent studies showing its efficiency in reducing carbon emissions. \2. The implementation of green buildings is strongly supported by the need to conserve energy and reduce environmental impacts.
72>> People have conflicting views. meaning: There are differing opinions on the topic. example: \1. The use of genetically modified crops has led to conflicting views among farmers, consumers, and policymakers. \2. People have conflicting views on the effectiveness of standardized testing in measuring student intelligence and skills.
73>> As far as we are concerned, meaning: From our perspective or point of view. example: \1. As far as we are concerned, implementing stricter environmental policies is essential to ensuring a sustainable future for generations. \2. As far as we are concerned, education reform should prioritize critical thinking and problem-solving skills over rote memorization.
74>> In light of the above evidence, meaning: Considering the information presented earlier. example: \1. In light of the above evidence, it is clear that climate change poses a significant threat to global ecosystems and biodiversity. \2. In light of the above evidence, we must reconsider our approach to healthcare reform to ensure equitable access for all.
75>> The argument on both sides has shown meaning: Both perspectives have revealed certain points. example: \1. The argument on both sides has shown that there are pros and cons to adopting a universal basic income policy. \2. The argument on both sides has shown that stricter gun control could reduce violence, but questions of rights remain.
76>> There is no panacea for the setbacks. meaning: There is no single solution for the difficulties. example: \1. While technological advancements help, there is no panacea for the setbacks faced by industries in a global recession. \2. There is no panacea for the setbacks caused by climate change, but reducing emissions is an essential starting point.
77>> People need a functional approach to meaning: A practical method is necessary for something. example: \1. To maintain long-term financial stability, people need a functional approach to budgeting, saving, and investing wisely. \2. To tackle climate change effectively, people need a functional approach to reducing their individual carbon footprints.
78>> Social and economic progress. meaning: Improvement in both society and the economy. example: \1. Education reforms play a crucial role in driving social and economic progress in developing nations with limited resources. \2. Social and economic progress must prioritize inclusivity, ensuring marginalized groups have equal access to opportunities and services.
79>> They are addicted to video games. meaning: They have a compulsive dependence on gaming. example: \1. It is important to set boundaries for those who are addicted to video games to prevent negative consequences on mental health. \2. Children who are addicted to video games often struggle with time management, leading to poor study habits and missed deadlines.
80>> Much attention should be focused on meaning: A lot of effort should be directed toward something. example: \1. In solving the housing crisis, much attention should be focused on affordable solutions that meet the needs of low-income families. \2. Much attention should be focused on preserving endangered species, as biodiversity loss poses long-term threats to ecosystems globally.
81>> Measures should be implemented immediately. meaning: Necessary actions should be taken right away. example: \1. Measures should be implemented immediately to curb inflation, as rising prices are affecting the cost of living for millions of people. \2. Given the severity of the environmental damage, conservation measures should be implemented immediately to restore fragile ecosystems.
82>> Apologizing for misconduct. meaning: Expressing regret for inappropriate behavior. example: \1. After a public outcry, the politician finally addressed the scandal, apologizing for misconduct and vowing to regain public trust. \2. Apologizing for misconduct is crucial in rebuilding trust after any major organizational error, especially when public confidence is involved.
83>> One serious problem is inherent in meaning: A significant issue is a natural part of something. example: \1. One serious problem is inherent in the current healthcare system: it is inaccessible to large segments of the population. \2. One serious problem is inherent in social media platforms, which allow the rapid spread of misinformation and harmful content.
84>> One unavoidable outcome of X meaning: A result that cannot be avoided from a situation. example: \1. One unavoidable outcome of economic inequality is the widening gap between the wealthy and the impoverished in society. \2. One unavoidable outcome of technological advancements is job displacement in industries where automation replaces human labor.
85>> To be confident of economic stability. meaning: To have assurance regarding a steady economy. example: \1. For families to be confident of economic stability, they should prioritize long-term savings and diversify their income sources. \2. Investors must consider both short-term risks and long-term gains to be confident of economic stability in volatile markets.
86>> X is by far the most important method. meaning: It is the best or most effective way. example: \1. Recycling is by far the most important method of reducing waste and conserving natural resources for future generations. \2. Vaccination is by far the most important method of preventing the spread of contagious diseases and maintaining public health.
87>> Making contributions to society and culture. meaning: Adding value or helping develop the community. example: \1. Artists and musicians play a role in making contributions to society and culture through their creative work. \2. Educators make invaluable contributions to society and culture by shaping the minds of future generations.
88>> It has no clear-cut solution. meaning: There is no simple or straightforward fix. example: \1. The crisis in the healthcare system has no clear-cut solution, requiring multiple changes across different levels. \2. Traffic congestion in cities has no clear-cut solution due to the continuous growth of urban populations.
89>> It is generally agreed that meaning: Most people accept this as true. example: \1. It is generally agreed that climate change poses one of the greatest threats to future generations and global ecosystems. \2. It is generally agreed that education is the key to unlocking opportunities and improving social mobility for disadvantaged groups.
90>> It should be noted that meaning: This important information needs to be pointed out. example: \1. It should be noted that the long-term success of any business relies on its ability to adapt to changing market conditions. \2. It should be noted that technological advancements in medicine have significantly improved patient outcomes and overall healthcare.
91>> Appropriate measures should be taken. meaning: Necessary actions should be taken to handle a situation. example: \1. Given the increasing crime rate in urban areas, appropriate measures should be taken to enhance security and community policing. \2. In light of the pollution crisis, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce industrial emissions and promote clean energy alternatives.
92>> Lay a solid foundation for further improvement. meaning: Create a strong base for future progress. example: \1. Early childhood education lays a solid foundation for further improvement in a child's academic journey. \2. Establishing clear guidelines in the workplace will lay a solid foundation for further improvement in employee productivity.
93>> Having reliable sources of information. meaning: Access to trustworthy and accurate data. example: \1. Having reliable sources of information allows policymakers to make decisions that are based on facts and real-world data. \2. Researchers must ensure they are working with reliable sources of information to maintain the integrity of their scientific findings.
Sunday, 21 June 2026
93 C1 and C2 Level Cambridge English Phrases
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