IELTS Writing Task 2：Linking Ideas

 

IELTS Writing Task 2：Linking Ideas（連接觀點）

你的想法沒錯：連接詞當然不只20個。不過，IELTS不是使用越多越高分，而是要做到：

• Coherence 連貫性：觀點的順序合理、容易理解。

• Cohesion 銜接性：句子之間使用連接詞、代名詞和關鍵詞自然連接。

下面整理的是Task 2最實用的連接方式。

一、先分清楚文法結構

類型	結構	正確例句
句子連接副詞	However, + 完整句	However, the policy is expensive.
從屬連接詞	Although + 主詞＋動詞	Although the policy is expensive, it is effective.
介系詞片語	Despite + 名詞／V-ing	Despite the high cost, the policy is effective.
對等連接詞	完整句, but/so + 完整句	The policy is expensive, but it is effective.
成對連接詞	not only A but also B	It not only saves time but also reduces costs.

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1. Adding Similar Ideas 增加或連接相似觀點

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
furthermore	此外；而且	The policy is affordable. Furthermore, it is easy to implement.（這項政策負擔得起，而且很容易實施。）
in addition	此外	In addition, free school meals can improve attendance.（此外，免費營養午餐能提高出席率。）
moreover	而且；此外	Public transport is cheaper. Moreover, it is better for the environment.（大眾運輸較便宜，而且對環境更好。）
also	也	Online courses also allow students to learn at their own pace.（線上課程也讓學生按照自己的速度學習。）
similarly	同樣地	Young people need affordable housing. Similarly, older people need suitable accommodation.（年輕人需要可負擔的住房，同樣地，老年人也需要合適的住所。）
likewise	同樣地	Exercise improves physical health. Likewise, it can reduce stress.（運動改善身體健康，同時也能減輕壓力。）
in addition to	除了……之外還……	In addition to reducing pollution, cycling improves public health.（除了減少污染，騎自行車也能改善公共健康。）
not only…but also…	不但……而且……	Public transport not only reduces congestion but also lowers emissions.（大眾運輸不但減少壅塞，也降低排放量。）

注意平行結構：

It not only saves time but also reduces costs. ✅
It not only saves time but also costs are reduced. ❌

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2. Contrast and Concession 對比與讓步

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
but	但是	Cars are convenient, but they produce pollution.（汽車很方便，但是會造成污染。）
however	然而	Cars are convenient. However, they increase congestion.（汽車很方便，然而會增加交通壅塞。）
on the other hand	另一方面	Living in cities offers more jobs. On the other hand, living costs are higher.（住在城市有較多工作機會，另一方面，生活費較高。）
although	雖然	Although university education is expensive, it can improve career prospects.（雖然大學教育昂貴，但可以改善職涯前景。）
even though	即使；儘管	Even though the salary was low, she accepted the job.（儘管薪水不高，她仍接受了工作。）
despite	儘管	Despite the high cost, many students attend university.（儘管費用很高，許多學生仍選擇上大學。）
in spite of	儘管	In spite of living far away, she attends every class.（儘管住得很遠，她仍然每堂課都出席。）
while	然而；相較之下	While some people prefer cities, others enjoy rural life.（有些人喜歡城市，而其他人喜歡鄉村生活。）
whereas	然而；反之	Urban jobs are plentiful, whereas rural jobs are limited.（城市工作較多，鄉村工作則較少。）
nevertheless	儘管如此	The plan is costly. Nevertheless, it may bring long-term benefits.（這項計畫成本很高，儘管如此，仍可能帶來長期利益。）
in contrast	相較之下	City rents increased. In contrast, rural rents remained stable.（城市租金上升；相較之下，鄉村租金維持穩定。）

三個重要公式：

Although + 完整句
Although the course was difficult, I completed it.

Despite/In spite of + 名詞或V-ing
Despite the difficulty, I completed the course.
Despite finding it difficult, I completed the course.

不能寫：

Despite the course was difficult… ❌

也不要同時使用：

Although it was difficult, but I completed it. ❌
Although it was difficult, I completed it. ✅

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3. Clarifying Ideas 澄清、解釋或強調

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
that is	也就是說	Workers want greater flexibility; that is, they want more control over when and where they work.（員工想要更多彈性，也就是想控制工作的時間和地點。）
that is to say	換句話說	The programme is compulsory. That is to say, every student must attend it.（這項課程是強制的，換句話說，每位學生都必須參加。）
in other words	換句話說	The city lacks affordable housing. In other words, many people cannot afford to live there.（這座城市缺少可負擔住房，換句話說，許多人住不起。）
in fact	事實上	Many people believe buses are slow. In fact, they are often faster during rush hour.（許多人認為公車很慢；事實上，尖峰時段通常更快。）
indeed	的確；確實	Technology can improve education. Indeed, it gives students access to more resources.（科技能改善教育，的確，它讓學生取得更多資源。）
more specifically	更具體而言	Governments should improve public transport. More specifically, they should increase the number of buses.（政府應改善大眾運輸，更具體而言，應增加公車數量。）
namely	即；也就是	The policy has one main aim, namely reducing youth unemployment.（這項政策有一個主要目標，即降低青年失業率。）

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4. Giving Examples 舉例

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
for example	例如	Some countries use renewable energy. For example, Denmark produces a large amount of wind power.（有些國家使用再生能源，例如丹麥生產大量風力發電。）
for instance	例如	Technology can support disabled people. For instance, speech-recognition software helps people type.（科技能協助身心障礙者，例如語音辨識軟體可以幫助人們打字。）
such as	例如；諸如	Renewable sources such as solar and wind power should receive more investment.（太陽能與風力等再生能源應得到更多投資。）
to illustrate	為了說明	To illustrate, one city reduced traffic by introducing cheaper bus fares.（舉例來說，某座城市透過降低公車票價減少交通流量。）
a good example of this is…	一個很好的例子是……	A good example of this is Japan, where public transport is widely used.（一個很好的例子是日本，當地大眾運輸使用率很高。）

重要差異：

• For example/For instance + 完整句

• Such as + 名詞或名詞片語

Some activities, such as swimming and cycling, improve heart health. ✅
For example, swimming can improve heart health. ✅

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5. Reasons and Causes 原因

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
because	因為	Many people drive because public transport is unreliable.（許多人開車，因為大眾運輸不可靠。）
because of	因為；由於	Many people drive because of the unreliable public transport system.（許多人因大眾運輸系統不可靠而開車。）
since	由於；既然	Since housing prices are rising, many young adults live with their parents.（由於房價上升，許多年輕人與父母同住。）
due to	由於	Many flights were cancelled due to bad weather.（許多航班因天候不佳而取消。）
as	因為；由於	As the population is ageing, healthcare spending will increase.（由於人口老化，醫療支出將會增加。）

核心差異：

because + 主詞＋動詞
because public transport is unreliable

because of/due to + 名詞或V-ing
because of poor public transport
because of living far away

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6. Results and Consequences 結果與影響

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
therefore	因此	Public transport is limited. Therefore, many people depend on cars.（大眾運輸有限，因此許多人依賴汽車。）
consequently	因此；結果	The company reduced staff training. Consequently, productivity fell.（公司減少員工訓練，結果生產力下降。）
as a result	因此；結果	Many roads were closed. As a result, commuters faced serious delays.（許多道路封閉，因此通勤者遇到嚴重延誤。）
as a result of	由於……的結果	As a result of heavy traffic, air quality has declined.（由於交通繁忙，空氣品質下降。）
so	所以	Fuel prices increased, so more people used buses.（油價上升，所以更多人搭乘公車。）
thus	因此	The law was effective. Thus, it was extended nationwide.（這項法律有效，因此被推廣到全國。）
hence	因此；所以	The available evidence is limited; hence, further research is needed.（現有證據有限，因此需要進一步研究。）
for this reason	基於這個原因	Exercise improves mental health. For this reason, schools should provide more sports activities.（運動能改善心理健康，因此學校應提供更多體育活動。）
this leads to…	這導致……	A lack of sleep reduces concentration. This leads to poorer academic performance.（睡眠不足會降低專注力，進而導致較差的學業表現。）
which leads to…	這進而導致……	Long working hours cause stress, which leads to lower productivity.（長時間工作造成壓力，進而降低生產力。）

不要用逗號直接連接兩個完整句：

Public transport is limited, therefore people drive. ❌
Public transport is limited. Therefore, people drive. ✅
Public transport is limited, so people drive. ✅

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7. Ordering and Concluding Ideas 組織與總結

連接詞	中文	雙語例句
firstly/first of all	首先	Firstly, governments should improve public transport.（首先，政府應改善大眾運輸。）
secondly	第二	Secondly, they should develop safer cycle lanes.（第二，政府應建設更安全的自行車道。）
finally	最後一點	Finally, public awareness should be increased.（最後，應提升公眾意識。）
meanwhile	與此同時	The government should build new homes. Meanwhile, it should control unreasonable rent increases.（政府應建造新住宅，同時也應控制不合理的租金上漲。）
overall	整體而言	Overall, the advantages of the policy outweigh its disadvantages.（整體而言，這項政策利大於弊。）
in conclusion	總而言之	In conclusion, governments and individuals must work together.（總而言之，政府與個人必須共同努力。）
to sum up	總結來說	To sum up, technology brings both opportunities and challenges.（總結來說，科技同時帶來機會與挑戰。）
ultimately	最終；歸根究柢	Ultimately, the success of the policy depends on public support.（最終，這項政策能否成功取決於大眾支持。）

Band 6–6.5最應優先掌握的20個

先熟練這20個就足夠應付大部分Task 2：

功能	建議連接詞
增加觀點	furthermore, in addition, also, moreover
相似觀點	similarly
對比與讓步	but, however, although, despite, while, whereas, on the other hand
解釋與舉例	in other words, in fact, for example, such as
原因與結果	because, because of, therefore, as a result
結論	in conclusion

最重要的使用原則

1. 不要每一句都放連接詞，否則文章會顯得機械化。

2. 一個主體段落自然使用大約2–4個即可，沒有硬性數量規定。

3. 不要為了炫耀而使用不熟悉的詞。

4. On the other hand 必須表達另一個角度，不只是普通的「但是」。

5. Furthermore、moreover、in addition 意思非常接近，同一段不需要全部使用。

6. IELTS看重的是「邏輯清楚＋文法正確」，不是連接詞的數量。

你原來的英文要求可以自然地改成：

I would like you to make this list more complete, provide Chinese meanings and example sentences, and organise everything in tables. I think there are more than the 20 expressions listed in the book.